George Herbert Mead Early Life Sociology Essay

George Herbert Mead Early Life Sociology Essay Higher Education Mead graduated from Oberlin College in 1883 and matriculated at Harvard from 1887-1888 where he studying philosophy and sociology and graduated with a Masters degree. Although he belonged to a deeply religious family, Mead became a devout naturalist and non-believer after attending college. After leaving Harvard, he participated in many causes and was an ardent activist of any progressive causes. He marched in favour of the womens suffragette and took part in several civic duties in Chicago. The Chicago Philosopers Club 1896 Mead was influenced by Charles Darwins Theory of Evolution which is evident in his theories as a naturalist. At Harvard, Mead studied with Josiah Royce who was a major influence in his life, and  William James, whose children he tutored. In 1888, Mead left Harvard and travelled to Germany. There, he studied with psychologist Wilhelm Wundt who was his influence for the concept of the gesture, which would soon be an important aspect of his work. In 1891 he married Helen Kingsbury Castle. He taught at the University of Michigan and then the University of California. Mead wrote intensively over a 40-year career, however he didnt publish any books. He published over 100 scholarly articles. Mead died of heart failure on April 26, 1931. Following his death, his students put together a collection of his notes, unpublished letters and lessons, and finally published a book of his thoughts and teachings. Epistemology Ontology He observed that people acquired knowledge about behavior based on what they observe and acquire from society. The principle of sociality is the  ontological  foundation of  Meads  concept. The distinction between mind and matter and that between consciousness and the physiological organism is a distinction which is drawn between contents which may appear on either side of the line. Mead noted that there is more than what meets in the eye in terms of human interactions. This means, that there are reasons behind certain actions, which can be brought out through micro-investigations of human interaction. People who influenced Mead Mead was influenced by his friend John Dewey who led him into educational theory. However Meads thinking diverged from that of Dewey and he developed the famous psychological theories of mind, self and society. This idea was also greatly influenced by Wilhelm Wundt; who Mead met when he went to Germany to study psychology At Harvard, Mead studied with an American idealist philosopher Josiah Royce who also was an influence. Mead was influenced by Adam Smith and thus identified the social act of economic exchange. In Meads writing I and the Me Mead takes William Jamess distinction between the I and the Me and develops it further. William James was a renowned pragmatist philosopher. The prominent sociologist Charles Cooley (A philosopher) also influenced Meads thinking. People who were influenced by Mead Herbert Blumer, a sociologist who studied at the University of Chicago was influenced by Mead. He took over Meads lecturing responsibilities and went on to chair the Department of Sociology at the University of California Berkeley. He is often referred to as the heir of George Herbert Mead. During the second half of the twentieth Century, Meads theory of symbolic interactionism was separated into two distinct branches : The Chicago school under Herbert Blumer and the Iowa school under Manford Kuhn. Both of whom were influenced by Mead. Norman Denzin and Sheldon Stryker also continued to develop the Symbolic Interactionism theory of Mead. Ervin Goffmans so-called dramaturgical sociology is also highly influenced by Mead. Major Publications Mind, Self, and Society (1934) The Philosophy of the Act (1938) The Philosophy of the Present (1932) Basic Sociological Concepts Double Centre of Gravity Taking the role of the other Self Development The Self The self emerges from social experience Individual selves are the products of social interaction and not the biological or logical preconditions of the mentioned interaction Hence The self is not part of the body, and it does not exist at birth Explaining further in the absence of social interaction (i.e. isolated children) the body may grow but no self will develop. Social experience involves communication and exchange of symbols Dog example A dog responds to what you do, but humans respond to what you have in mind as you do it. Social interaction involves seeing ourselves as others see us taking the role of the other (Mead). Double Centre of Gravity In Meads concept of the self, he expressed Double Centre of Gravity by dividing the self in to the I and the Me. The I and the Me The I and the Me are derived from the self. The Self is the relationship between I and Me The Me is the internalization of others perspective of ourselves the perspective we get of ourselves from how others treat and interact with us. The I is the part of us that responds to these internalized attitudes.   Explaining further the Me is the social self that takes into account the reactions of others, while the I is the indistinctive part of the self which has ideas and imagination and is independent to social norms. Taking the role of the other Mead suggested that socialization derived primarily from peoples ability to take the role of the other. Taking the role of the other means putting yourself in another persons place to think/reflect about yourself. Taking the role of the other helps to integrate the individual with organized social processes By taking the role of the other, Mead meant putting oneself in the place of another individual in such a manner that one arouses the same response in both. Self Development According to Mead, developing the self is learning to take the role of the other   The first stage is Prep Children imitate and begin to understand symbols such as languages and gestures The Second Stage is Play Children role-play and pretend to be another person. Play involves assuming roles of significant others, helping kids see the world from others points of view. The Third stage is Game Children, at 7 or 8 begin to understand others roles and responsibilities, making games possible. The fundamental difference between the game stage and its antecedent play stage lies in the childs ability to take the roles of multiple people at the same time Generalized Other The norms, values, attitudes and expectations of people in general; the childs ability to take the role of generalized other is a significant step in the development of a self. The individual defines his or her own behavior with reference to the generalized attitude of the social group(s) they occupy. Significant other An Individual who significantly influences someone elses life. i.e. Individuals who are most important in development of the self. (e.g. parent) MEADS CONTRIBUTION TO SOCIOLOGY Mead is one of the most influential and acclaimed sociologist of the 20th Century Praised by Critics throughout the world as a pioneer and a Stalwart Has had several books published posthumously about his teachings the individual mind can exist only in relation to other minds with shared meanings (Mead 1982: 5) CRITICISM THE END

Lamb to the slaughter CEL

Lamb to the slaughter a short story by Roald Dahl. Is about a woman so upset with her husband she kills him and how she keeps it a secret that she did it from the detectives. I will focus on the character Mary Maloney and how her character changes as the story progresses. At first Mary Maloney comes across as a loving house wife waiting for her husband to come home ‘now and again she would glance up at the clock but without anxiety, merely to please herself. ’ At first she acts nicely to her husband. She makes him drinks and asks if he is hungry.The key thing that changes her personality is her husband sits down and speaks to her we can only assume he was leaving her but to our astonishment she takes it in her stride and goes to get the leg of lamb but you can tell something is wrong when she walked across the room she couldn’t feel her feet touch the floor. It was a shock to the reader when she wacked her husband on the back of the head with the leg of lamb it wa s unexpected as she seemed so nice ‘At that point Mary Maloney walked up behind him and without any pause she swung the leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on the back of her head.’This makes her act a lot different from the start she is no longer a loving wife she is more she is more a cold hearted killer. Sam (the shop keeper) dose not suspect a thing he just thinks she’s getting some vegetables for her supper ‘I would like some potatoes please Sam, yes, and I think a can of peas. ’ The detectives thin it wasn’t her because she had an alibi that she was at Sam’s shop at the time of death.The detectives view her as a grieving house wife widow and do her favours like drink and eat the leg of lamb but they don’t know she killed Patrick with the leg of lamb that they were eating the fact she feeds the men the leg that she killed her husband with is disturbing My impression of Mary towards the end is that she has the making of a psycho and is capable of much more I am not on her side as she killed her husband and no matter what he said you just cant go round killing people.Mary by the end is manipulating everyone and its hard to see the ‘soft’ side of her that you see at the start I don’t know if fooling the detectives was the right thing to do because she has to live with the fact she has killed someone for the rest of her life but you know why she didn’t and you understand its for her unborn child and she doesn’t know what will happen to him/her ‘what was the laws about murder with unborn children or did they wait till the tenth month? What did they do?’Mary has changed her whole personality during the story she starts off nice and then she because becomes deserving The overall message of this is don’t judge a book by its cover what looks nice on the outside can be dark and evil on the inside. He imparts this perfectly thr ew Mary because she was all nice at the beginning kills her husband covers it up and doesn’t get caught. I believe on the whole Mary was a victim as she has to live with the face she killed someone for the rest of her life. ï » ¿Lamb to The Slaughter CEL Lamb to the slaughter a short story by Roald Dahl. Is about a woman so upset with her husband she kills him and how she keeps it a secret that she did it from the detectives. I will focus on the character Mary Maloney and how her character changes as the story progresses. At first Mary Maloney comes across as a loving house wife waiting for her husband to come home ‘now and again she would glance up at the clock but without anxiety, merely to please herself. ’ At first she acts nicely to her husband. She makes him drinks and asks if he is hungry.The key thing that changes her personality is her husband sits down and speaks to her we can only assume he was leaving her but to our astonishment she takes it in her stride and goes to get the leg of lamb but you can tell something is wrong when she walked across the room she couldn’t feel her feet touch the floor. It was a shock to the reader when she wacked her husband on the back of the head with the leg of lamb it wa s unexpected as she seemed so nice ‘At that point Mary Maloney walked up behind him and without any pause she swung the leg of lamb high in the air and brought it down as hard as she could on the back of her head.’ This makes her act a lot different from the start she is no longer a loving wife she is more she is more a cold hearted killer. Sam (the shop keeper) dose not suspect a thing he just thinks she’s getting some vegetables for her supper ‘I would like some potatoes please Sam, yes, and I think a can of peas. ’ The detectives thin it wasn’t her because she had an alibi that she was at Sam’s shop at the time of death.The detectives view her as a grieving house wife widow and do her favours like drink and eat the leg of lamb but they don’t know she killed Patrick with the leg of lamb that they were eating the fact she feeds the men the leg that she killed her husband with is disturbing My impression of Mary towards the end i s that she has the making of a psycho and is capable of much more I am not on her side as she killed her husband and no matter what he said you just cant go round killing people.Mary by the end is manipulating everyone and its hard to see the ‘soft’ side of her that you see at the start I don’t know if fooling the detectives was the right thing to do because she has to live with the fact she has killed someone for the rest of her life but you know why she didn’t and you understand its for her unborn child and she doesn’t know what will happen to him/her ‘what was the laws about murder with unborn children or did they wait till the tenth month? What did they do?’Mary has changed her whole personality during the story she starts off nice and then she because becomes deserving The overall message of this is don’t judge a book by its cover what looks nice on the outside can be dark and evil on the inside. He imparts this perfectly th rew Mary because she was all nice at the beginning kills her husband covers it up and doesn’t get caught. I believe on the whole Mary was a victim as she has to live with the face she killed someone for the rest of her life.

A Step-by-Step Guide to Saying Dad in Chinese

Family relations are important in China, and traditionally, the father is the head of the household. There are many ways of saying father or dad in Chinese, but the most colloquial way is the focus of this article.   Chinese Characters çˆ ¸Ã§Ë† ¸ ( bà  ba)  means dad, or father, in Chinese. It is an informal term. The character is written the same way in both simplified and traditional Chinese. Sometimes,  Ã§Ë† ¸Ã§Ë† ¸ is colloquially shortened to just  Ã§Ë† ¸. Pronunciation The pinyin for çˆ ¸ is bà  , which means the character is pronounced in the 4th tone. But when saying çˆ ¸Ã§Ë† ¸, the second çˆ ¸ is unaccented. Thus in terms of tone numbers, çˆ ¸Ã§Ë† ¸ can also be written as ba4 ba.   Other Terms for "Dad" As mentioned earlier, there are other ways to say dad in Chinese depending on a degree of formality and region. Here are a few examples: çˆ ¶Ã¤ º ² (fà ¹qÄ «n): father, a more formal term çˆ ¹ (diÄ“): dad, also informal and a regional term   Sentence Examples UsingBà  ba WÇ’ bà   shà ¬ yÄ «shÄ“ng.我çˆ ¸Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã©â€  «Ã§â€Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š(traditional Chinese)我çˆ ¸Ã¦Ëœ ¯Ã¥Å' »Ã§â€Å¸Ã£â‚¬â€š(simplified Chinese)My dad is a doctor. TÄ  shà ¬ wÇ’ bà  ba.ä »â€"æ˜ ¯Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã§Ë† ¸Ã§Ë† ¸He is my father. Regarding this last sentence, note that when you are saying my father, my mother and so on, you normally dont add çš„ to indicate familiarity, ie: ä »â€"æ˜ ¯Ã¦Ë†â€˜Ã§Å¡â€žÃ§Ë† ¸Ã§Ë† ¸. Its not technically wrong, but its also not usually said amongst native speakers.

The Crimes Of The Click Clack Gang Essay - 854 Words

Case 7 members of the â€Å"Click Clack Gang† have been apprehended for a number of crimes including â€Å"conspiracy to distribute crack cocaine, drug possession, and illegal possession of firearms† (United States Attorney’s Office). Each of these seven members has a different criminal background, one in particular is a convicted felon, and will receive harsher punishment for firearm possession (United States Attorney’s Office). â€Å"During the investigation, officers recovered more than 20 firearms, over 40 grams of crack cocaine, more than 100 grams of powder cocaine, marijuana, ecstasy pills, and nearly $2,500† (United States Attorney’s Office). Law enforcement operations involved In the above mentioned case, â€Å"Kansas City, Mo., Police Department and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives† teams took down these seven gang members (United States Attorney’s Office). Subsequent prosecution of the case This case was so substantial that the gang was tried in court before the Grand Jury. Between the 7 members indicted there were 12 counts in total. The gang members were indicted for the following: †¢ â€Å"The first count involved all seven members, who were found guilty of knowingly and intentionally combine, conspire, confederate and agree with each other and others, both known and unknown to the grand jury, to distribute and possess with intent to distribute a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of cocaine base †¢ Count two involved four members, who were